Se examina una cuestión fundamental y poco estudiada de la teología política: la relación entre la defensa de la inmortalidad del alma y el mantenimiento del orden público. Se realiza un recorrido histórico por autores como Pietro Pomponazzi y Tomás Moro, que aceptan motivos políticos para defenderla, y David Hume, quien considera que no existe ningún motivo político para mantener dicha relación. Por último, se analizan los argumentos esgrimidos para mostrar que su eficacia está condicionada por la situación histórica.

Se examina una cuestión fundamental y poco estudiada de la teología política: la relación entre la defensa de la inmortalidad del alma y el mantenimiento del orden público. Se realiza un recorrido histórico por autores como Pietro Pomponazzi y Tomás Moro, que aceptan motivos políticos para defenderla, y David Hume, quien considera que no existe ningún motivo político para mantener dicha relación. Por último, se analizan los argumentos esgrimidos para mostrar que su eficacia está condicionada por la situación histórica.

En este artículo, quiero examinar el juicio que el filósofo colombiano realiza de España y del mundo hispánico en su obra. De su consideración completamente negativa sobre este legado cultural, se pueden extraer dos consecuencias. Por una parte, su hispanofobia lo alejaría de la tradición reaccionaria hispanoamericana. Sin embargo, por otra parte, su identificación entre cultura española e hispanoamericana lo acercaría de nuevo –si bien con renovada complejidad– a la identidad reaccionaria canónica.

The political parties play the most influential role in our political society. An important trend in public opinion regrets this situation. But are really political parties always noxious? If they are, have not they been unavoidable for two centuries of liberal régime? Machiavelli developed for the first time a political theory that upholds that society could receive a great profit from political conflict through the maintenance of liberty. This paper deals with the peculiar meaning of this gain of liberty due (...) to political conflict in Machiavelli's Discorsi and Istorie Fiorentine. (shrink)

This study examines the relationship between cooperative business relations in small businesses and environmental protection, one of the most important policies of social responsibility in manufacturing. We reviewed the literature and carried out an empirical study of 930 small manufacturing firms in Spain. Results indicate that small businesses that maintain and improve their cooperative relations through business networking with universities, competitors, suppliers and customers spend more on environmental protection. The managerial, practical, research and policy implications of the obtained research findings (...) are discussed. (shrink)

La bibliografía reciente sobre Maquiavelo ha insistido en el carácter republicano de su pensamiento. Por este motivo, se han dedicado muchos trabajos a conceptos maquiavelianos asociados a esta tradición intelectual: conflicto, democracia, radicalismo, participación. Esta preferencia bibliográfica ha hecho que algunos conceptos clásicos maquiavelianos hayan sido dejados de lado. En este artículo, daré una nueva interpretación del concepto de ocasión. El objetivo de mi artículo es doble. Por un lado, intentaré expandir la reflexión habitual sobre este concepto. Además de las (...) referencias clásicas contenidas en El príncipe, incluiré las reflexiones sobre este concepto en El arte de la guerra para intentar dar una imagen conjunta. En segundo lugar, quiero mostrar cómo estas nuevas reflexiones pueden alterar nuestra imagen habitual de la ocasión. En las conclusiones, intentaré reflexionar sobre los motivos de Maquiavelo para cambiar su postura sobre este concepto. (shrink)

Fernando de Córdoba es uno de los grandes pensadores españoles del siglo XV. lamentablemente su figura no ha alcanzado la atención debida entre los estudiosos dedicados al pensamiento español, lo que ha hecho que tan sólo se disponga de una edición moderna de uno de sus escritos y ninguna traducción al castellano. los méritos de su pensamiento –ya sólo la participación en la polémica entre Platón y Aristóteles a favor del primero con su Laudibus Platonis– exigen que este vacío de (...) bibliografía primaria sea remediado. Como paso preliminar, se presenta este artículo en el que se repasan todas las aportaciones que, a lo largo de ya casi ciento cincuenta años, se han hecho sobre este autor. A pesar de su más bien escasa influencia, este examen bibliográfico muestra cómo la misma obra de Fernando de Córdoba ha sido interpretada de acuerdo a criterios externos y a debates más amplios, en los que la postura de Córdoba aparecía prejuzgada sin tener en cuenta lo transmitido en sus textos. Precisamente, el objetivo de este artículo como propedéutica para un estudio más pormenorizado de sus obras –especialmente de De iure medios exigendi fructus quos vulgo annatos dicunt et romani pontificis in temporalibus potestate– consistirá en diferenciar las aportaciones sólidas de aquellas que utilizan a Córdoba de modo interesado. (shrink)

In this article, I will try to explain the influence of Francesco Bausi’s works in the Machiavellian studies written in Spanish. First, I will show the particular characteristics of this influence. This has to do with the complex imagen of Bausi’s Machiavelli for Spanish historians of philosophy and political philosophers. Second, I will write about the description of Machiavelli contained in Bausi’s novel Scandalo Machiavelli, published in 2014. It is a paradox that this scholar has published a more defined portrait (...) of Machiavelli in a fictious tale rather than in his scholarly writtings. (shrink)

The bibliographical reception on Machiavelli during the Siglo de Oro was usually limited to the Discourses and the Art of War . In this article, I argue that this consideration is not correct, because in Pedro Mexía‘s Silva de varia lección is contained a version of the biography of the Italian militar. Despite the arrangements introduced by Mexía, the version offered, except for being shorter, is sustantially identical to Machiavelli‘s work.

This article focuses on the relation of two varieties of history of philosophy and the concept of research. In this paper are distinguished two different prototypes of research in the frame of history of philosophy, the intensive and the extensive. In the first part is claimed that the hybrid character of the concept of history of philosophy, on the one hand, and the relation with the canon, on the other hand, determine these forms research. Then, the main features of the (...) intensive and the extensive researches are explained and it is showed that all practices of research in the field of history of philosophy depend on this two prototypes. Finally some conclusions are provided in order to consider a much balanced relation between historical research and philosophical activity. (shrink)

Se examina una cuestión fundamental y poco estudiada de la teología política: la relación entre la defensa de la inmortalidad del alma y el mantenimiento del orden público. Se realiza un recorrido histórico por autores como Pietro Pomponazzi y Tomás Moro, que aceptan motivos políticos para defenderla, y David Hume, quien considera que no existe ningún motivo político para mantener dicha relación. Por último, se analizan los argumentos esgrimidos para mostrar que su eficacia está condicionada por la situación histórica. The (...) paper examines a fundamental and little studied issue of political theology: the relationship between the defense of the immortality of the soul and the preservation of public order. It carries out a historical survey of authors such as Pietro Pomponazzi and Thomas More, who resort to political reasons in order to defend it, and David Hume, who feels that there are no political grounds to support such a relationship. Finally, the article analyzes the arguments proposed to show that its efficacy is conditioned by the historical situation. Neste artigo, examina-se uma questão fundamental e pouco estudada da teologia política: a relação entre a defesa da imortalidade da alma e a manutenção da ordem pública. Realiza-se um percorrido histórico por autores como Pietro Pomponazzi e Tomás Moro, que aceitam motivos políticos para defender a imortalidade da alma, e David Hume, que considera não existir nenhum motivo político para manter essa relação. Por último, analisam-se os argumentos discutidos para mostrar que sua eficácia está condicionada pela situação histórica. (shrink)

Ecological psychology is one of the most influential theories of perception in the embodied, anti-representational, and situated cognitive sciences. However, radical enactivists claim that Gibsonians tend to describe ecological information and its ‘pick up’ in ways that make ecological psychology close to representational theories of perception and cognition. Motivated by worries about the tenability of classical views of informational content and its processing, these authors claim that ecological psychology needs to be “RECtified” so as to explicitly resist representational readings. In (...) this paper, we argue against this call for RECtification. To do so, we offer a detailed analysis of the notion of perceptual information and other related notions such as specificity and meaning, as they are presented in the specialized ecological literature. We defend that these notions, if properly understood, remain free of any representational commitment. Ecological psychology, we conclude, does not need to be RECtified. (shrink)

La perspectiva historiográfica ofrecida por la teoría de las consecuencias involuntarias puede ser reconceptualizada en una concepción del mercado que explique su funcionamiento como una continua interrelación entre individuos que desconocen las consecuencias colectivas de los cursos de acción que emprenden.Asimismo, podrían distinguirse dos versiones de dicha teoria; de un lado, Ia versión débil, que se correspondería con el concepto de mercado de Hayek, y, deI otro, Ia versión fuerte. EI objetivo de este artículo es proponer el concepto al que (...) hemos denominado el principio de ignorancia, que seria una concepción acerca deI desenvolvimiento deI mercado acorde con los rasgos propios de Ia versión fuerte de Ia teoría de las consecuencias involuntarias.The historiographical perspective of the theory of unintended consequences can be reconceptualized into a conception of the market which explains its operation as a continuous interaction among individuals that do not know the collective consequences of their behaviours.Also, two versions of this theory might be distinguished, the weak version, which corresponds to Hayek’s concept of market, and the strong version. The aim of this paper is to propose the concept that we have termed as ignorance principIe, which is a conception of the operation of the market that fits to the characteristics of the strong version of the theory of unintended consequences. (shrink)

In the last years, we have attended to different attempts to extend the notion of affordance to include mental or cognitive actions. In short, the idea is that our capacity to perform some cognitive functions such as counting, imagining, mathematical reasoning, and so on, is preceded by our awareness of cognitive or mental affordances. In this paper, we analyze two of these attempts, Mental Affordance Hypothesis, and cognitive horizons, and conclude that they fail to deliver their promise. Our argument is (...) two-fold. First, we show that both proposals lack an explanation for how these affordances can be perceived or experienced by the individuals. Second, we argue, focusing on the examples provided by the authors, that the introduction of cognitive affordances is not justified on explanatory grounds. In other words, neither of these proposals offers a compelling justification for thinking that performing said “mental acts” requires the perception of mental or cognitive affordances. Hence, the existence of mental or cognitive affordances remains both scientifically mysterious and explanatorily unjustified. (shrink)

The Cold War, extended from the popularization of its name in 1947 to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, functioned a bipolar order in which the White House and the Kremlin set the pace of events. In accordance with the decentralization of the axis of the shock [1], both superpowers chose to avoid direct confrontation and based their strategy on a kind of tactical movements carried out by third parties. The direct consequence was the creation of a breeding (...) ground in developing countries, victims of the competitiveness of both executives and in the specific case of Latin America, in a succession of political disorders that alternated the birth of revolutionary movements and the imposition of military dictatorships. (shrink)

El presente artículo analiza desde la sociolingüística un repertorio de léxico, en el ámbito del alcohol, en la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. Con esto pretendemos reflexionar en qué medida los diferentes términos y expresiones configuran un imaginario sociocultural en el que la bebida es concomitante con las prácticas cotidianas de los jóvenes. La metodología empleada parte del estudio léxico-semántico de un corpus de 5.000 formas, aproximadamente, a través de la elaboración de una taxonomía, y de una planta de análisis lexicográfico, (...) a partir de figuras retóricas, principalmente la metáfora y la metonimia, que provoca, el gozo y el deleite por parte de sus usuarios. (shrink)

A widely shared assumption in the literature about skilled motor behavior is that any action that is not blindly automatic and mechanical must be the product of computational processes upon mental representations. To counter this assumption, in this paper we offer a radical embodied (non-representational) account of skilled action that combines ecological psychology and the Deweyan theory of habits. According to our proposal, skilful performance can be understood as composed of sequences of mutually coherent, task-specific perceptual-motor habits. Such habits play (...) a crucial role in simplifying both our exploration of the perceptual environment and our decision-making. However, we argue that what keeps habits situated, precluding them from becoming rote and automatic, are not mental representations but the agent's conscious attention to the affordances of the environment. It is because the agent is not acting on autopilot but constantly searching for new information for affordances that she can control her behavior, adapting previously learned habits to the current circumstances. We defend that our account provides the resources needed to understand how skilled action can be intelligent (flexible, adaptive, context-sensitive) without having any representational cognitive processes built into them. (shrink)

From March to September 2020, researchers working at a biomedical scientific campus in Spain faced two lockdowns and various mobility restrictions that affected their social and professional lifestyles. The working group “Women in Science,” which acts as an independent observatory of scientific gender inequalities on campus launched an online survey to assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on scientific activity, domestic and caregiving tasks, and psychological status. The survey revealed differences in scientific performance by gender: while male researchers participated in (...) a larger number of scientific activities for career development, female researchers performed more invisible scientific tasks, including peer review or outreach activities. Mental impact was greater in researchers caring for children or dependents, and this was aggravated for women. Results spot a disproportionate impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on female scientific career development, and urges for equity measures to mitigate the consequences of an increase in the gender gap in biomedical sciences for current and future pandemics. (shrink)

Se realizó una propuesta metodológica en el Hospital Militar Clínico Quirúrgico Docente Doctor Octavio de la Concepción y la Pedraja de Camagüey durante el año 2014 con el objetivo de argumentar el valor ético que tiene para el estudiante de Medicina ser insertado al sistema de garantía de la calidad hospitalaria. Se emplearon métodos de nivel teórico como análisis y síntesis, histórico-lógico, inducción-deducción. La vinculación del estudiante universitario al sistema de garantía de calidad en un centro asistencial docente permite elevar (...) la utilización correcta del método clínico y provee al discente de conocimiento para que al egresar desempeñe un servicio de excelencia y alcance a reducir los errores e insatisfacciones de la población y con ello los costos innecesarios. In order to increase the ethical value integrating medical students into a hospital quality guarantee system has, a methodological proposal was put forward in the Doctor Octavio de la Concepcion y la Pedraja Teaching Clinical-Surgical Military Hospital of Camaguey during 2014. Theoretical methods such as analysis and synthesis, historical-logical methods and induction-deduction were used. Linking college students to the quality guarantee system allows increasing the proper use of the clinician and it provides the learner with the knowledge he needs to carry out an excellent service and to reduce errors making and people dissatisfactions, therefore cutting on unnecessary costs. (shrink)

IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate, in adults with mild cognitive impairment, the brain atrophy that may distinguish between three AT biomarker-based profiles, and to determine its clinical value.MethodsStructural MRI was employed to evaluate the volume and cortical thickness differences in MCI patients with different AT profiles, namely, A−T−−: normal AD biomarkers; A+T−−: AD pathologic change; and A+T++: prodromal AD. Sensitivity and specificity of these changes were also estimated.ResultsAn initial atrophy in medial temporal lobe areas was found in the A+T−− and (...) A+T++ groups, spreading toward the parietal and frontal regions in A+T++ patients. These structural changes allowed distinguishing AT profiles within the AD continuum; however, the profiles and their pattern of neurodegeneration were unsuccessful to determine the current clinical status.ConclusionsMRI is useful in the determination of the specific brain structural changes of AT profiles along the AD continuum, allowing differentiation between MCI adults with or without pathological AD biomarkers. (shrink)

In this article, we analyze the patterns of culture of honor within Spanish families. Each member of 271 Spanish four-member families completed a questionnaire containing scales for the culture of honor and for sociodemographic variables. The results show that intra-family similarities emerge. However, path analyses show that the gender and birth order of the child are relevant in predicting this similarity. In particular, the first-born child converges with their mother to a higher extent than the father regardless of their gender. (...) However, for the second-born child both parents instill their ideas about culture of honor in a gender congruent way. Furthermore, there are higher similarities within younger families, indicating a stronger influence from parents to children. Results are discussed in view of social role and gender social learning theories. (shrink)

After compulsory secondary education; many teenagers face the process of choosing a university degree. This process involves uncertainties referred to their personal abilities, interests, social expectations and professional future. The present work is aimed at determining whether the reasons behind the selection of a particular university degree differ depending on the chosen degree. Another objective is determining whether these reasons differ significantly according to gender. The sample comprises 983 students belonging to the area of social and legal sciences at the (...) University of Seville. The obtained results reveal the existence of four main reasons behind the selection of university degrees for which significant gender-related differences were observed: easy degree, job opportunities, high wages and provision of social services. Besides, these seven reasons are observed to differ widely in six of the considered degrees. (shrink)

Patina is the word used for the green or brown film formed on the surface of old bronze, an excess of which can mask the true characteristics of the original masterpiece. Filippo Baldinucci used the word patina in a modern sense for first time in his book “Tuscan Vocabulary of the Art of Design”. Metaphors have been part of philosophical speech since the time of Plato. This figure of speech is used to attempt to provide a sensitive presence of an (...) idea to improve understanding and to make a more vivid perception of that concept. On analysing the creative process of contemporary re-search on health topics and its further dissemination, we defend the epistemological thesis that there is always some degree of patina on an original article and this may obscure the underlying scientific work. Conclusion: We consider that patina in scientific papers is very different from the concept of epidemiological bias. We think that any researcher who reads an original article acts as a restorer of knowledge. If a reader is aware of the existence of scientific patina, that reader will know how to look through it and see the masterpiece hidden underneath. (shrink)